Rini Blog 68: June 2012

Saturday, June 30, 2012

Business Culinary or Restaurant

Culinary or restaurant business is one of the industry was the oldest in Indonesia, so it is not wrong if development efforts are increasing from year to year.

Culinary or restaurant business in Indonesia at present is still concentrated in Java and Bali, and even the region has contributed more than 73.6 percent of the total number of restaurants and restaurant in Indonesia. Jakarta as the capital city and business center in Indonesia is the center of the restaurant business growth and the largest restaurant, which has contributed 26.1 percent of the number of restaurants and eating houses in Indonesia.

At this time many of the entrepreneurs and investors looking for a business that can quickly return the capital. Culinary business is one business that much in demand because there is always a profit opportunity.

Culinary businesses that do not require large capital and does not require much labor. With the high turnover of capital culinary business turnover is very fast.

But in addition to the rapid return of capital turnover, there are some important factors to consider in his business is so much in demand by customers.

The rise of business restaurant business nowadays seen as having resilience in the face of business competition business. Although a number of food from abroad Indonesia invaded the market, but it is believed will not be able to shift the local food businesses.

Before starting the restaurant business, we need to find information about business opportunities so that we know a lot more good chances, and perhaps failure's what customers demand from the restaurant business, such as the type of food and beverages will be served to customers.

From our monitoring over the Internet, the average culinary or restaurant business is still much sought after by investors or investors (private), this can be evidenced by a flood of offers of cooperation in this effort, both in scope as well as middle and upper middle.

Population and diversity of the population that influence the opportunities and business development as it will determine its success in marketing.

(Mrican Fried Chicken - MFC)

Friday, June 29, 2012

Peluang dan Tips Membuka Usaha Rumah Makan

Bisnis rumah makan merupakan peluang usaha yang sejak dulu sampai saat ini memang tidak pernah surut bahkan terus berkembang hingga saat sekarang.

Perkembangan usaha restoran / rumah makan berskala menengah dan besar tahun dari tahun 2007 sampai tahun 2010 terus mengalami perkembangan yang pesat, pada akhir tahun 2010 mencatat pertumbuhan sebesar 7,84%(data Kementerian Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif). Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa peluang usaha membuka Rumah Makan masih terbuka lebar dan masih banyak diminati.

Usaha restoran merupakan usaha yang mempunyai stabilitas yang cukup stabil, karena memiliki peluang ke depan yang cukup bagus atau menjanjikan (prospektif), berbeda dengan usaha musiman seperti warnet atau wartel, karena makanan adalah kebutuhan primer setiap orang, apalagi tempat usaha yang strageris (misal : dekat kampus atau perkantoran)

Kunci utama untuk memulai bisnis rumah makan (restoran) adalah mempersiapkan kondisi mental dalam menghadapi tantangan akan kegagalan, hal ini dikarenakan menyangkut masalah operasional dari rencana usaha.

Persiapan-persiapan teknis lainya yang tidak kalah pentingnya adalah menyangkut seluk beluk pekerjaan perlu disiapkan rapi, kemampuan diri dan keterampilan yang dimiliki karena untuk usaha rumah makan minimal harus mengerti masakan. Tersedianya prasarana dan sarana, bukan berarti harus memiliki sendiri prasarana tersebut, tetapi bisa menyewa terlebih dahulu, kecuali memang tersedia dana yang cukup yang sengaja diinvestasikan ke usaha Anda untuk jangka panjang.

Prasarana pendukung dalam pengoperasian usaha ini berupa sarana-sarana atau alat-alat. Misalnya adalah tempat yang strategis, tenaga ahli (juru masak), modal usaha, dan izin usaha, sedangkan meja kursi, peralatan makan, peralatan masak, dan sebagainya adalah sarana.

Ada beberapa saran untuk memulai usaha rumah makan, diantaranya :

1. Tempat usaha yang strategis , misalnya di dekat kampus, perkantoran, mall, pasar dan letaknya jangan terlalu masuk kedalam (dipinggir jalan) sehingga banyak orang yang berlalu lalang bisa melihat dengan jelas usaha anda. Selain itu kalau memungkinkan sediakan tempat parkir yang cukup buat para pelanggan.

2. Lay-out dan interior rumah makan, dalam hal ini sesuai dengan keinginan anda, sebagai saran, untuk lay-out dan interiornya setidaknya mempunyai ciri khas tersendiri sehingga mudah untuk diingat pelanggan.

3. Rasa dan harga, rasa masakan sangat sensitif terhadap usaha rumah makan , oleh karena itu penting sekali mempunyai koki yang paham betul tentang masakan yang akan disajikan dalam restoran anda. Harga juga memegang peran penting disini, anda bisa memberikan tarif masakan yang bisa bersaing dengan restoran lainnya, apalagi dikombinasikan dengan cita rasa masakan anda yang nemuaskan pengunjung dengan harga yang bisa bersaing.

4. Nama Restoran, sebaiknya member nama restoran anda yang mudah di ingat, mudah dikenal dan terdengar akrab. Misalnya nama jalan atao kota dimana anda membuka restoran. Mohon diperhatikan untuk masalah nama restoran anda, sebaiknya jangan membuat nama restoran anda sama dengan nama restoran yang lainnya, karena nantinya akan menimbulkan masalah.

5. Perizinan (izin Usaha)

Jadi apabila anda ingin membuka usaha, sebaiknya usaha membuka restoran makan layak untuk dipertimbangkan, melihat prospek dari usaha itu sendiri ke depan yang masih menjanjikan, tentunya dengan memperhatikan beberapa tips yang telah kami berikan diatas.

Selamat Membuka Usaha, Semoga Sukses (Mrican Fried Chicken)

Wednesday, June 27, 2012

Obat Sakit Kepala

TIDUR YANG DAMAI

Sakit kepala kadang timbul akibat kelelahan dan ketegangan otot. Tidur kadang dapat menjadi obat yang paling mujarab karena dalam kondisi inilah otot dapat beristirahat sepenuhnya.

'- Lupakan beban dan tidurlah

tuntutan hidup terkadang membuat kita tanpa sadar memberi beban yang berlebihan pada otak dan tubuh. Kelelahan fisik dan psikis adalah salah satu sebab utama sakit kepala dan migren.
Jika demikian halnya, istirahat total bagi otak dan tubuh adalah jawabannya.
Banyak orang mendapati sakit kepala mereka hilang hanya dengan membiarkan dirinya tertidur pulas. Yang menjadi permasalahan sekarang adalah bagaimana membuat diri kita tertidur saat kepala terasa berdenyut-denyut?

Berikut adalah meditasi sebelum tidur yang akan membantu anda tidur lelap dalam kondisi sakit kepala.
'- Meditasi sebelum tidur
Berbaringlah terlentang dalam posisi senyaman mungkin.
Usahakan mengenakan pakaian yang longgar dan menyerap keringat.
Matikanlah lampu dan nyalakan musik untuk meditasi jika dirasa membantu.
Pejamkan mata dan perlahan bayangkankan diri tengah memikul bawaan yang berat di pundak atau di kepala. Anda sudah melakukan perjalanan jauh dan rasanya sudah tak sanggup lagi meneruskan perjalanan. Disaat nyaris tak sadarkan diri karena lelah, anda rasakan kaki menginjak pasir lembut dan didepan terlihat pantai yang indah. Saat itu matahari mulai menyembul diufuk dan kehangatannya menyelimuti tubuh anda. Riak ombak yang hangat menyapu-nyapu kaki anda dan membuat anda mengantuk. Perlahan anda menutup mata dan seiring ombak perlahan menyeret beban kelautan, seiring itu pula anda terlelap dalam mimpi.

Sumber buku :
Rahasia alami mengobati sakit kepala
By ; Raje Airey

Tuesday, June 26, 2012

Agar Perut Tidak Buncit (resep kuno)

Kesehatan wanita itu sangat penting, supaya tetap vit, supaya anda (kaum wanita) tetap langsing dan mempesona. Apalagi yang baru melahirkan, yang perlu mendapat perhatian adalah bagian perut.
Kalau tidak terawat dengan baik, perut akan mengendor penuh lipatan pada kulit perut. Jangan sampai perut anda jadi buncit.
Perut kempis pada wanita adalah perut idaman, makanya anda harus hati-hati. proses pencegahan lebih diutamakan daripada anda melaku

kan proses pengobatan.

Disini ada resep tradisional, untuk mencegah agar perut anda tetap datar bagus, kempis dan ramping, tanpa lipatan kulit yang mengendur dan kencang seperti sediakala.

Caranya sebagai berikut :
- Ambil kapur sirih dan beri sedikit minyak kayu putih, kemudian beri air perasan jeruk nipis (jeruk pecel)
- Aduk sampai rata, kemudian oleskan diseluruh perut dan pinggang sampai rata.
- setelah kering baru diikat dengan stagen (ambet) diikat kencang
- Agar cepat memperoleh hasil yang memuaskan, lakukanlah setiap pada dan sore selama 40 hari sehabis melahirkan.
Ikutilah resep diatas agar tetap mempesona.

Selamat mencoba.

Buah Belimbing, untuk mengatasi tekanan darah tinggi

Penderita tekanan darah tinggi biasanya disiksa oleh sering naiknya tekanan darah yang cukup tinggi, bahkan tidak jarang tinggi sekali. Hal ini tidak jarang membawa kelumpuhan atau juga kematian pada penderitanya.
Karena itu agar tensi darah tetap tidak naik dan selalu dalam keadaan normal, setiap hari minumlah parutan belimbing.

Buah belimbing yang cukup besar dan sudah setengah matang, diparut halus, kemudian diperas airnya sebanyak 1 gelas.
Minumlah setiap pagi hari selama 1 bulan, lalu baru 2 hari 1 kali meminum air perasaan buah belimbing. Selama anda rajin minum

air perasan belimbing tersebut, tensi darah anda tak akan naik dan normal.
Tapi ingat, betapapun waktu hendak minum air perasan tadi, janganlah memakai garam sedikitpun.
Jangan sekali-kali mencampurkan air perasan belimbing dengan gula pasir atau gula sirup. Hal ini tidak membawa faedah yang baik untuk tensi darah anda, bahkan sebaliknya.

Cobalah anda mempergunakan buah belimbing untuk diparut dan ambil airnya, niscaya tensi darah anda tak akan berobah dari angka normal.
Bagi mereka yang memiliki tekanan darah terlalu tinggi, pada bulan pertama meminum air perasaan buah belimbing, bisa mempergunakan 2 buah belimbing yang cukup besar, sehingga air perasannya lebih banyak dari yang telah dijelaskan diatas.
Setelah 1 bulan, barulah porsi dikurangi setiap 2 hari sekali minum air perasan buah belimbing secara biasa.

Obat darah tinggi (resep obat kuno)

Tekanan darah tinggi adalah termasuk jenis penyakit yang berbahaya. Penderita bisa mati mendadak karenanya.
Tanda-tanda penyakit ini adalah mudah tersinggung dan sering marah-marah.
Untuk mengatasi hal ini cobalah resep dibawah ini :
- Ambillah akar pohon pepaya yang tingginya 1 meter,
- dicuci bersih dan direbus dengan air sebanyak 1 liter.
- Biarkan sampai mendidih sehinga air tinggal 1/4 nya saja.

- Air rebusan diminum hangat-hangat pagi dan sore hari.
- Akar pohon ini bisa disrebus sebanyak 7 x berulang-ulang.
- Lakukan setiap hari sampai penyakit anda hilang sama sekali.

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Monday, June 25, 2012

Diet sehat golongan darah O

Hubungan antara golongan darah dan diet merupakan gagasan baru bagi kebanyakan orang, namun mereka acapkali menemukan bahwa hal ini menjawab beberapa pertanyaan yang membingungkan mereka selama ini. Golongan darah sama mendasarnya dengan penciptaan itu sendiri. Menurut hukum alam, keempat golongan darah itu mengikuti jalur tak terputus sejak momen paling awal penciptaan manusia hingga hari ini. Golongan darah menjadi semacam "tanda tangan" dari nenek moyang kita diatas parkamen sejarah yang tak kunjung usang. Gen untuk golongan darah O berkembang pada suatu titik ketika peradaban manusia beralih dari hidup berburu dan berpindah-pindah ke komunitas agraris yang menetap disuatu tempat. Gen untuk golongan darah O memungkinkan nenek moyang kita bertahan hidup dan berkembang pesat dengan jenis makanan berbasis sayuran. Ajaibnya, pada abad ke 21 ini, sistem pencernaan orang bergolongan darah O measih mempertahankan kecenderungan makanan seperti pada zaman nenek moyang kita dulu.

Golongan darah Anda adalah kunci bagi keseluruhan sistem kekebalan tubuh, dan hal ini adalah faktor penjelas yang esensial di dalam profil kesehatan Anda. Antigen golongan darah Anda berfungsi sebagai penjaga gerbang, menciptakan antibodi untuk menangkal penyelundup yang berbahaya. Saat antibodi mengenali antigen dari mikroba penyerbu, terjadilah serangkaian reaksi yang disebut "aglutinasi" (secara harfiah berarti melekat) atau menggumpal. Antibodi akan menempel pada antigen dari virus/mikroba itu dan melekat begitu erat. Ketika sel-sel, virus, parasit dan bakteri menggumpal, proses penghilangannya pun menjadi lebih mudah.

Akan tetapi, ada banyak hal lain yang terlibat dalam proses terjadinya penggumpalan. Ilmuwan telah mempelajari bahwa ada banyak makanan yang berpotensi menggumpalkan sel-sel pada golongan darah tertentu. Artinya, suatu jenis makanan dapat berbahaya bagi sel-sel dari salah satu golongan darah, tetapi bermanfaat bagi sel-sel dari golongan darah yang lain.

Serangkaian reaksi kimia terjadi antara darah Anda dengan makanan yang Anda konsumsi. Reaksi ini merupakan bagian dari warisan genetis Anda. kami mengetahuo hal ini karena adanya sebuah faktor yang disebut"lektin". Lektin, yaitu protein yang beraneka ragam dan banyak dijumpai didalam makanan, mempunyai faktor penggumpal yang akan mempengaruhi darah Anda. Lektin adalah cara yang ampuh bagi organisme di alam untuk menempelkan diri pada ornanisme yang lain. Seringkali, lektin yang digunakan oleh virus atau bakteri bersifat spesifik pada golongan darah tertentu. Dengan demikian, virus atau bakteri itu menjadi hama yang cenderung "lebih lengket" pada seseorang bergolongan darah tersebut. Lebih lanjut, ketika anda mengonsumsi makanan yang mengandung lektin yang tidak sesuai dengan antigen dari golongan darah Anda, lektin tersebut akan menyasar organ atau sistem tubuh (ginjal, hati, otak, perut dan yang lainnya) dan memulai penggumpalan sel-sel darah di wilayah tersebut. Makanan untuk golongan darah O adalah cara alami untuk mengembalikan fungsi penjagaan dai sistem kekebalan tubuh Anda, membalikkan jam metabolisme Anda, dan membersihkan darah dari lektin yang berbahaya. Setiap orang akan menyadari beberapa manfaat dari diet ini, tergantung pada kondisi tubuh dan kelenturannya.

Pedoman diet untuk orang bergolongan darah O :

Golongan darah O berkembang baik dengan protein hewani. Keberhasilan diet golongan darah O bergantung pada konsumsi daging sapi, ayam, dan ikan yang bebas zat kimia serta segar. Pengaturan makanan untuk golongan darah O akan berjalan baik jika anda dapat mengikuti cetak biru pengaturan makanan yang telah diteliti dan disahkan secara ilmiah, logis, dan jelas berdasarkan profil sel anda. Makanan orang bergolongan darah O dibagi menjadi 14 kelompok makanan :

1. Daging dan unggas

2. Makanan hasil laut

3. Telur dan produk susu

4. Minyak dan lemak

5. Kacang-kacangan dan biji-bijian

6. Polong-polongan

7. Serealia, roti dan pasta

8. Sayur-sayuran

9. Buah-buahan

10.Jus dan sirop

11 Bumbu-bumbuan

12.penyedap rasa

13.Tanaman obat dan teh herbal

14. Berbagai minuman.

Pada setiap kelompok, makanan ini dibagi menjadi 3 kategori : SANGAT BERMANFAAT, BERMANFAAT, NETRAL DAN HINDARI.

Maksud pembagian ini adalah :

1. SANGAT BERMANFAAT adalah makanan yang beraksi seperti OBAT

2. NETRAL adalah makanan yang beraksi seperti MAKANAN

3. HINDARI adalah makanan yang beraksi seperti RACUN.

Makanan untuk orang bergolongan darah O beraneka ragam karena itu Anda tidak perlu khawatir akan adanya pembatasan makanan. ketika itu mungkin, anda dapat mngonsumsi makanan berkategori Sangat bermanfaat lebih banyak daripada yang netral. Juga tidak ada salahnya jika anda menikmati makanan netral yang cocok untuk anda karena makanan itu tidak merugikan anda dan justru mengandung nutrisi yang bermanfaat bagi makanan berimbang anda. Dibagian atas setiap kategori, anda akan melihat bagan seperti berikut (perhatikan bahwa frekuensinya kadangkala mingguan, kadang kala harian) :

Saran-saran mengenai porsi yang sudah turun temurun ini tidak dimaksudkan sebagai aturan baku. Tujuannya disini adalah menunjukkan cara untuk menyesuaikan diet anda dengan cara yang sudah dikenal oleh nenek moyang kita. Orang-orang dari berbagai berbagai ras dan kebudayaan dapat memiliki golongan darah yang sama, namun frekuensi gennya tidak selalu sama. Sebagai contoh, orang bergolongan darah O mempunyai gen AA, yang berarti kedua orangtua mewariskan gen A, atau AO, yang berarti hanya salah satu orang tua yang mewariskan gen A. Orang keturunan Afrika cenderung mewariskan gen O daripada orang Kaukasia atau Asia. Terdapat pula variasi geografis dan budaya seperti halnya perbedaan yang biasa terjadi dalam ukuran dan berat orang. Gunakan segala anjuran berikut bila dipandang perlu dan abaikan jika itu tidak sesuai dengan anda. Pada setiap bagian cobalah merumuskan rencana makan yang sesuai dengan porsi anda.

Berikut jenis-jenis makanan berdasarkan manfaatya :

SANGAT BERMANFAAT :

1. Daging sapi

2. Daging kerbau

3. Hati

4. Daging rusa

5. Ikan ekor kuning

5. Ikan todak

6. Ikan cod

7. Ikan halibut

8.Minyak zaitun

9. Minyak biji rami

10 Biji kenari, biji labu, biji rami

11 Kacang polong hitam, kacang adzuki

12. roti essene (roti manna)

13. Bawang bombay, brokoli, bayam, daun peterselli, ubi, lobak china, waluh,

14. Bluberi, jus nanas, ceri, jambu biji, mangga, pisang, plum

15. Bumbu kari, cabai, alga merah, kunir, lobak, jahe, pepermint, sarsaparila

NETRAL :

1; Daging ayam, daging bebek, daging kambing, daging kuda, daging angsa, daging kelinci, daging kalkun

2. Ikan mas, remis, tiram, kepiting, belut, lobster, tuna, salem, ikan sardin, udang,

3. Mentega, telur ayam, telur bebek, keju mozarella, keju feta

4. Biji buah almon, kacang pecan, biji wijen, biji pinus,

5. Sereal, kue beras, roti beras, susu beras, roti dan tepung kedelai, tapioka, roti tanpa gluten

6. Asparagus, bawang merah, bawang putih. rebung, sawi, cabai, ercis, terung, jamur, wortel, labu (semua jenis kecuali waluh), selada

7. anggur, apel, aprikoat, belimbing, buah sukun, cuka apel, delima, jeruk keprok, jeruk limau, jeruk sitrun, kesemek, kismis, kurma, pepaya, pir, sagu, semangka. stroberi, nanas, melon

8. Agar-agar, asam jawa, dcengkih, coklat, cuka, daun salam, daun ketumbar, garam laut, gula jawa, jintan, kapulaga, kayu manis, kecap, ketumbar,kunyit, lada,minyak wijen

HINDARI:

1.Daging asap, daging ham, daging babi, daging burung puyuh, daging penyu

2. Cumi-cumi, kodong, keong, gurita, ikan hering

3. Susu sapi, keju cheddar, keju krim, keju edam, telur angsa, telur puyuh, es krim, yoghurt,

4. Minyak kelapa, minyak jagung, minyak biji kapas, kacang tanah, minyak kedelai, minyak bunga matahari, minyak biji gandum

5. Kacang tanah, kacang mete, biji bunga matahari, kacang brasil,

6. Kue muffin inggris, sereal cornflakes, atepung gluten, berondong jagung, pasta bayam, produk tepung gluten, produk gandum utuh, produk tepung putih

7. Avokad, bawang perai, jagung, jamur, kecambah, kembang kol, kentang, lidah buaya, mentimun, zaitun

8. Blewah, jeruk mandarin, kiwi, pare, pir asia, pisang raja, melon madu

9. Biji pala, bunga pala, fruktosa, dekstrosa, MSG, pati jagung, sirop jagung, lada hitam/putaih, ganggang laut

10. Saus salad/mayonnaise, saus tomat, acar/asinan

11.lidah buaya,kopi, soda

Supplemen :

'- bermanfaat : Vitamin B, Vitamin K,Kalsium, Yodium

'- hindari : Vitamin A, Vitamin E, Licorice,

Golongan darah O	Porsi	Frekuensi mingguan bila anda keturunan …..
		Frekuensi mingguan bila anda keturunan …..
		Afrika	Kaukasia	Asia
Semua makanan hasil laut	4-6 ounce	2-4 x	3-5 x	2-5 x

Daging merah tanpa lemak	4-6 ounce pria	5-7 x	4-6 x	3-5 x
Unggas	2-5 ounce wanita dan anak2	1-2 x	2-3 x	3-4 x

Telur	1 telur	1-4 x	3-6 x	3-4 x
Keju	2 ounce	0-1 x	0-1 x	0-1 x
Yoghurt	4-6 ounce	0-1 x	0-2 x	0-1 x
Susu	4-6 ounce	0 x	0-1 x	0-1 x
Minyak dan lemak	1 sendok makan	3-8 x	4-8 x	5-8 x
Kacang-kacangan dan biji2an	1-2 genggam	2-5 x	2-5 x	2-4 x
Mentega kacang	1-2 sendok the
Polong-polongan	1 cangkir kering	1-3 x	1-3 x	2-4 x
Serelia, roti dan pasta	1/2 cangkir serelia kering/pasta	1-6 x	1-6 x	1-6 x
	1 muffin
	2 lembar roti
Sayur-sayuran
- dimasak	1 cangkir	3-5 x	3-5 x	3-5 x
- mentah	1 cangkir	3-5 x	3-5 x	3-5 x
Buah-buahan	1 cangkir/1 buah	2-4 x	3-5 x	3-5 x
Jus yang dianjurkan	8 ounce	2-3 x	2-3 x	2-3 x
Air	8 ounce	4-7 x	4-7 x	4-7 x

Sumber Buku :
Diet sehat golongan darah O
By : Dr. Peter J. D'Adamo

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Saturday, June 16, 2012

Clutches, Transmission, Automatic Transmission, Rear-wheel Drive, Front-wheel Drive, Steering, Chassis, Damping, Suspension

Order No. 1211 Clutch functional model A diaphragm spring clutch is mounted so that it can be turned on a stable tubular steel frame. When engaged, power is able to flow between the disk flywheel and the clutch lining. By pressing the lever it can be seen how the release bearing tilts the outer edge of the diaphragm spring around the tilted rings, thus releasing the clutch disk. The power flow is interrupted.
Order No. 1265 Cutaway model: Clutch with adjustment for wear As a result of the wear and tear on the driving disk, the position of the diaphragm spring alters, which means that the pressure from the diaphragm spring on the ramp shaped setting rings drops. The locking bolt has the effect that the setting rings turn as a result of the tension of the springs. In this way, the clearance between the diaphragm spring and the pressure plate is compensated.
Order No. 1266 Cutaway model: Multi-disk clutch Design of a multi-disk clutch (without disengaging gear). This clutch has a number of internal and external disks in its basket, which means that a large torque can be transmitted despite a small diameter. The pressing force of the disks results from a number of helical springs.	Order No. 1139 Viscous clutch - all externally toothed discs are fixed to the housing - all internally toothed discs are fixed to the driving shaft - power transmission is attained via the shearing effect of the silicone fluid between the slots and the holes in the discs (in the cutaway model there is no silicone fluid)
Order No. 1160 Hydraulic coupling Also called fluid clutch - function of the pump wheel - function of the turbine wheel - mounting of the turbine wheel	Order No. 1155 Multi-disk clutch for mopeds Interaction of piston, connecting rod, crankshaft and clutch. No power flow at low revs. Power flow at high revs by means of flyweights. Power flow on pressing the starting lever.
Order No. 1157 LUK dual-mass flywheel Structure of a dual-mass flywheel: - function of the pressure springs when subject to torsional vibrations - function of the torsional-vibration damper between primary and secondary flyweights; the primary flyweight on the model can be turned against the force of the springs	Order No. 1293 Planetary dual-mass flywheel - Rotation of the secondary fly wheel mass against the primary flywheel - Pressing the springs together in their guide shoes to absorb vibrations by ignition induced rotary unevenness of the motor - Acceleration of the planetary wheels, which attenuate the vibrations of the springs thanks to their friction
Order No. 1226 Clutch model case - hydraulic clutch control mechanism - a pressure plate with coil springs and release levers - a complete diaphragm spring clutch with flywheel - two flexible clutch disks with torsional-vibration damping linings: synthetic fibres and sintered metal - a clutch disk prepared for the demonstration of the torsional-vibration damping; clutch release bearing and release lever	Order No. 1166 Clutch master cylinder and slave cylinder Function and interaction of the master cylinder and slave cylinder of a hydraulically-operated clutch. - function of the bleeding of the unit
Order No. 1002 Four-speed transmission with locking synchronization - the transmission is cut wide open at the front and back - all gears can be shifted
Order No. 1089 Five-speed transmission with differential Demonstration: - shifting all gears - Synchromesh - Function of differential
Order No. 1132 Four-speed-transmission (VW Golf) Demonstration: - shifting of all gears - synchromesh - function of differential gear front and rear parts widely cut open
Order No. 1054 Four-speed transmission with differential Possible demonstrations: - shifting all gears - function of a differential gear - synchronization	Order No. 1121 Transfer case - power flow and power distribution in the transfer case - shifting of the off-road gear and road gear - function of the differential in the transfer case - differential lockup
Order No. 1133 Five-speed front transmission (VW Golf) - layout of the entire transmission front, upper part and rear widely cut open - smooth shifting of all gears	- function of the spur-gear differential - function of the synchromesh
Order No. 1199 Modern five-speed front transmission with differential (Daimler Benz A Class) Flow of power from the drive shaft to the output shaft and differential. Very smooth shifting of all gears.	Locking device to prevent the selection of reverse gear from fifth gear. Control of the hydraulic clutch mechanism.
Order No. 1055 Four-speed transmission, suited for the technology lab. Functions: - shifting all gears - synchronization	- measuring the torque in all the gears - measuring and calculation of the gear-ratios in all gears using a graded scale
Order No. 1285 Clutch actuator An electric motor drives a segment of a worm wheel via a worm. The worm wheel presses the release pin forwards, thus separating the flow of power in the clutch. The large tensioning forces to separate the clutch are taken over by a fine spring, which means that the electric motor only supplies the torque to overcome the friction. A button can be used to turn the electric motor and to demonstrate the release process. The installed pane of plexiglas means that everything can be seen easily.
Order No. 1255 Cutaway model: Daimler Benz 6-gear transmission This new construction is an equal-axle three-shaft transmission with 6 forward and one synchronised reverse gear. The shift elements are distributed on 2 shafts. Operation of the clutch is done automatically via central disengaging gear. The transmission can easily be turned neutral. All the gears can be shifted and the flow of force shown.
Order No. 1282 Automatic sequential six-gear transmission (DB) The automated, sequential six-gear transmission developed from the classical six-gear manual transmission is controlled by the engine management. With the help of a hydraulic piston, 2 gears can be shifted on each shift level. To change to another shift level, a gate sleeve, which had been able to rotate loosely up to then, is arrested by a second hydraulic piston. In this way, the old gear is firstly removed and then the selector shaft turned onto a different shift level by a pin in the arrested gate sleeve when the inlet selector shaft is displaced by the first hydraulic piston. Now, shifting into the next gear is possible. The installation of a gearshift rod with a button and a mechanical clamping lever means that all the gears can be shifted and the function of the hydraulic controls demonstrated. The following are cut away: transmission housing front and back, hydraulic pump with electric engine, hydraulic unit and the hydraulic pressure accumulator.
Order No. 1238 SMART gearbox The new construction from the firm of GRETAG is a mechanical shift gear with 6 forward and one reverse gear. The shifting of the gearbox is done by an electric motor via a gear wheel transmission onto a gear selector drum. The slide shoes of the gearshift rods engage into the groove tracks of the gear selector drum. For the differential, 2 differing transmission ratios can be shifted, which means that 6 forward gears result from the 3 forward gears of the main shaft. In shifting, an automatic clutch actuator takes over the clutch engagement and de-clutching. The gearbox is supplied as a semi-automatic or fully automatic gearbox. All the gears can be shifted by turning the electric motor. The function of the differential is also easily visible.
Order No. 1169 Transmission technology Function of the drive shaft, main shaft, countershaft and the reverse gear. interaction of the individual shafts.	Shifting of all gears, power distribution. Calculation of the different transmission ratios.
Order No. 1248 Transmission technique: 5-gear transmission Function of the drive shaft, main shaft countershaft and the reverse gear wheel set-up of a 5-gear transmission pushing together of the individual shafts.	Switching of all the gears. Calculating of the gear ratios in all gears. Extensive operating instructions with worksheets for pupils and teachers.
Order No. 1273 Functional model: Transmission technology, five-gear front transmission Design of a two-shaft transmission for vehicles with front-wheel drive. Pushing together of the transmission shafts. Shifting of all gears, observation of flow of force in the individual gears. Reading and calculation of the various transmissions.
Order No. 1278 Transmission technique: six-gear transmission - Set-up of a equal-axle three-shaft transmission - Pushing together and separation of the shafts - Insertion of the reverse pinion - Shifting the 6 forward gears and the reverse gear - Reading and calculation of the various ratios
Order No. 1212 Five-speed transmission assembly model This assembly model is well-suited to pupils own use. Without a puller and press the transmission can be taken apart and reassembled. The following can be learnt from it: Various synchromesh mechanisms, shifting locks and shifting catches.	the shifting of all gears including reverse gear, the function of the gearshift rods and the gearshift forks.
Order No. 1101 Assembly of a Borg-Warner synchromesh Main shaft stub, mounted on stands, for dismantling and assembly of two gears, including tool. A synchronising unit was prepared so that it can be assembled without puller and press. Particularly suitable for producing a work schedule.	The gears can be shifted easily.
Order No. 1102 Assembly of a Porsche synchromesh Main shaft stub, mounted on stands, for dismantling and assembly of two gears, including tool. A synchronising unit was prepared so that it can be assembled without puller and press. Particularly suitable for producing a work schedule.	The gears can be shifted easily.
Order No. 1100 Assembly of a complete main shaft A complete main shaft with drive shaft has been prepared so that it can be dismantled and assembled without press and puller.	The tool is supplied. The correct assembly can be checked with the aid of the countershaft. The gears can be shifted easily.
Order No. 1147 Students assembly set, main shafts includes the following: 5 main shafts - different makes (Daimler Benz, Opel, Ford, VW). Functions as described above.
Order No. 1148 Students assembly set, Borg Warner synchromesh includes the following: 5 different main shaft stubs, i.e. main transmission shafts of vehicles with front wheel drive. (Opel, VW, Ford) Functions as described above.
Order No. 1218 Variable- speed transmission model case Four-speed transmission with drive shaft, main shaft and countershaft for rear-wheel drive (equal-axle transmission) All components are clearly visible and arranged in the correct order: shafts, gear wheels, synchronizer body, sliding sleeves, synchronizer rings, sliding blocks, springs and bearings. Everything has been prepared so that the shafts can easily be put together.	Order No. 1219 Variable- speed transmission model case II Four-speed transmission with drive shaft and output shaft for front-wheel drive (unequal-axle transmission) All components are clearly visible and arranged in the correct order: shafts, gear wheels, synchronizer body, sliding sleeves, synchronizer rings, sliding blocks, springs and bearings. Everything has been prepared so that the shafts can easily be put together.
Order No. 1220 Variable- speed transmission model case III Four-speed transmission with drive shaft and output shaft for front-wheel drive (unequal-axle transmission) All components are clearly visible and arranged in the correct order: shafts, gear wheels, synchronizer body, sliding sleeves, synchronizer rings, sliding blocks, springs and bearings. Everything has been prepared so that the shafts can easily be put together.
Order No. 1090 Five-speed automatic transmission, electronically controlled, with torque converter and torque converter lock-up clutch (ZF) Parts cut in this model: - front and rear housing - torque converter with lock-up clutch - all couplings - internally-geared wheels for planetary gear sets - crescent-type pump and brake band - shift valve housing with all valves and pistons - actuating piston for brake band
Order No. 1127 Electronically controlled five-speed transmission (Daimler Benz) A newly developed automatic transmission form Daimler Benz. Parts cut in this model: housing, converter, converter lock-up clutch, oil pump, all clutches, all 3 planetary gear trains, hydraulic unit. The model allows for demonstration of the following: - function of the converter - function of the converter lock-up clutch - function of the freewheels - function of the oil pump - function of the parking interlock - function of the clutches and planetary gear trains - function of the solenoid valves and hydraulic unit - switching of the main control piston via the selector lever
Order No. 1283 Six-gear automatic transmission and converter with shorting (ZF) A transmission with superlatives, a latest-generation transmission. The housing has been cut away to a large extent. In addition, all the clutches with hydraulic pistons, the planetary gear trains, the crescent pump, the converter with shorting and the hydraulic control device with the solenoid valves. The transmission can be cranked easily.

	Order No. 1260 Cutaway model: Five-gear front automatic transmission DB A Class without torque converter The transmissions in the individual gear steps are not implemented with planetary gear trains, but with spur gears. The shifting processes are initiated electronically, with the gears being shifted by hydraulic clutches via the electro-hydraulic control unit. A very extensive description of the function is supplied.
	Order No. 1261 Cutaway model: Five-gear front automatic transmission DB A Class with torque converter The transmissions in the individual gear steps are not implemented with planetary gear trains, but with spur gears. The shifting processes are initiated electronically, with the gears being shifted by hydraulic clutches via the electro-hydraulic control unit. In the cutaway torque converter, one sees the pump and turbine wheel, the freewheel and the converter lockup clutch. A very extensive description of the function is supplied.
Order No. 1223 Five-speed automatic transmission for front- wheel drive (ZF) electronically controlled This transmission designed for high performance has the following parts cut away: Torque converter with lock-up clutch, all hydraulic couplings, planetary gear trains, transmission wheels and intermediate gear drive shaft with pinion, differential and hydraulic control. The transmission can easily be turned.
Order No. 1222 Four-speed automatic transmission for front- wheel drive (ZF) electronically controlled The cut away parts are: Torque converter with lock-up clutch, all hydraulic couplings, planetary gear trains,differential and hydraulic control. The transmission can easily be turned.
	Order No. 1198 CVT automatic transmission with sliding articulated band The complete power flow within the CVT automatic transmission can be observed: Input shaft, planetary gear with hydraulic clutch mechanism, primary and secondary conical disk with hydraulic piston, idler gear and differential. Speed change by movement of the conical disks. Hydraulic control of the CVT automatic transmission.
Order No. 1158 Torque Converter - function of the input and output rotors - function of the stator with functioning free wheel	Order No. 1159 Torque Converter with lock-up clutch - function of the input and output rotors - function of the stator with functioning free wheel - function of the lockup clutch by a disk system and a hydraulic piston
Order No. 1193 Torque Converter with lock-up clutch (ZF) - function of the impeller and turbine - function of the stator with functioning free wheeling - function of the lockup clutch, consisting of a steel clutch disc with friction lining, which is hydraulically pressed on the impeller	Order No. 1164 Simple planetary gear train Function of a simple planetary gear train with ring gear, sun wheel, planet carrier with planetary wheels.
Order No. 1163 Planetary gear train - Simpson gear set interaction of the components of the planetary gear train. - function of the two simple planetary gear trains with coupled sun wheels	Order No. 1162 Planetary gear train - Ravigneaux gear set Interaction of the components of the planetary gear train. Ring gear, 2 sun wheels and planet carrier with 3 narrow and 3 wide planetary wheels are easily recognised through the Plexiglas screen.
Order No. 1161 Automatic transmission components model case Contains the most important automatic transmission components (some parts cut open). Hydraulic control with shift valve, centrifugal governor, freewheel, internal gear pump, complete planetary gear train (easily dismantled), brake band 2 hydraulic couplings, park position with ratchet, disk set.	Order No. 1156 Planetary gear train assembly set -Dismantling of the planetary gear train - Assembly of the Planetary gear train - Assembly diagram supplied - Shifting of the different gears - Calculation of the transmission ratios
Order No. 1294 Electronically controlled shift-valve body of an automatic transmission This model gives an insight into the complicated interior of a modern shift valve body. In the cutaway housing, one sees the control plunger and control springs. An electro-solenoid valve has also bee cutaway so that its interior can be studied.
Order No. 1049 Differential gear with hypoid gearing Possible demonstrations: - function of the final drive (bevel pinion and crown wheel) - function of the differential bevel gears when driving in a straight line and when cornering - functions of the differential bevel gears when one wheel spins while the other stands still	Order No. 1092 Differential with lock (ASR, ASD) Demonstrations: - function of axle drive (pinion, crown wheel) - function of differential spider gears - locking by hydraulic piston and multiple-disk
Order No. 1201 Rear-wheel drive with disk locking system Demonstrations: - function of the axle drive (bevel gear - differential ring gear) - function of the differential when cornering - function of the locking mechanism in the case of wheel spin - function of the thrust rings and friction disks	Order No. 1046 Limited-slip differential with multi-disk clutches (ZF) Possible demonstrations: - different speeds of axle shafts when cornering - function of the friction plates - function of the thrust rings - locking
Order No. 1129 Differential with mechanical lock - function of the wheel-drive assembly (bevel gear, differential ring gear) - function of the differential gear - compensation of differential travels without locking - differential lock by shifting a claw-coupling over the locking lever	Order No. 1136 Model case, differential All components of the differential are closely visible, they are mounted on a board and are easy to remove.
Order No. 1043 TORSEN differential gear Possible demonstrations: - function of the worm gears and spur gears - different speeds of axle shafts when cornering - locking
Order No. 1272 Cutaway model: Torsen intermediate axle differential Intermediate axle differentials are fitted in vehicles with four-wheel drive. They permit a balance between the front and the rear axle and automatically block if the wheels of one axle spin. They can be installed directly on the transmission outlet for the rear axle.	Order No. 1286 Measurement device to measure the locking figure of differentials The differential used is a Torsen centre differential from an Audi Quattro. Drive shafts have been installed in both outlets of the differential and provided with lever arms at their ends. The levers are held by an infinitely adjustable balance. If the differential housing is turned with the help of a rotary lever, the levers of the axle shafts contact the lever arms of the balance. Depending on the setting of the lever arms on the balance, the differential blocks until the balance has been adjusted in such a way that the differential slips lever arms. The locking figure of the differential can be determined immediately by reading off the lever arms (law of levers!).
Order No. 1146 Students assembly set, differential includes the following: - 2 differential gears with ring gear - 3 differential gears with spur pinion - Extremely easy to put together and take apart (no pushing or pulling)
Order No. 1105 Assembly of differential gear with crown wheel The housing has been prepared so that simple assembly and dismantling is assured.
Order No. 1106 Assembly of differential with spur gear The housing has been prepared so that simple assembly and dismantling is assured.
Order No. 1241 Haldex Clutch - Parts cut in this model: solenoid switch, housing and windings - armature can be rotated and solenoids switch actuated - engaging the starter pinion can be demonstrated

Order No. 1052 Ball-and-nut power steering All demonstrations same as Order No.1050 Plus: - displacement of the valve pistons - function of working piston
Order No. 1050 Recirculating-ball steering (ball-and-nut steering gear) Possible demonstrations: - steering gear in motion - transmission ratio of gear set - self locking - the balls roll in opened guide tubes - rolling instead of sliding friction - calculation of transmission ratio and pivoting of the pitman arm	Order No. 1120 Finger steering - turning of the steering spindle - Stroke of the finger in the screw - torsion of the steering column stalk - play adjustment
Order No. 1051 Worm and roller steering gear possible demonstrations: - steering gear in motion - transmission ratio of the gear set - interaction of roller and worm - rolling instead of sliding friction - calculation of transmission ratio and pivoting of pitman arm	Order No. 1098 Steering gear test 4 similar or different steering gears prepared for dismantling and assembly Board-mounted tuition unit
Order No. 1142 Variable rack-and-pinion steering - movement sequence in steering gear - variable transmission ratio via different types of toothing in the gear rack - function of the thrust piece with spring: The gear rack is pressed against the pinion thus compensating play and different tooth width.	Order No. 1053 Rack and pinion steering gear Possible demonstrations: - Movement cycle of steering gear - steering gear ratio - function of thrust block with cup springs: The rack constantly pressed against the pinion, Therefore no backlash
Order No. 1228 Rack-and-pinion power steering II Sequence of movement in the steering gear. Transmission ratio in the steering system. Function of the thrust piece and the working piston. Change-over of the working piston by means of valve piston and internal ducts. Lateral drive of the steering tie rods on one side of the steering rack.	Order No. 1229 Rack-and-pinion power steering III Sequence of movement in the steering gear. Transmission ratio in the steering system. Function of the thrust piece and the working piston. Change-over of the working piston by means of rotary-disk valve. Lateral drive of the steering tie rods on both sides of the steering rack by means of ball knobs.
Order No. 1202 Complete suspension strut with wishbone, drive shaft, disk brake with brake disk - Function of the suspension strut with spring and cutaway shock absorber - Function of the disk brake with cutaway brake caliper - Function of the wishbone and the drive shaft with cutaway ball-and-socket joint
Order No. 1246 Spring leg (air suspension) In the Daimler Benz S class, 4 spring legs are used on the front and rear axle as function elements of the Airmatic. They are connected with one another via a data bus. The following can be clearly seen on the model: Air suspension with inlet valve for level control and lowering of the chassis, damper with bottom valve and gas area, solenoid valves for the regulation of the damping strength.
Order No. 1275 Cutaway model: ABC (active body control) suspension strut Active suspension and attenuation system with hydraulic cylinder, helical spring and attenuator. Behind the cutaway spring, the hydraulic cylinder (plunger) for level regulation, the attenuator and, in the hollow piston rod, the suspension strut control device are easily visible. Functions in the vehicle: The level regulation enables manual and speed-dependent automatic lowering and raising of the level of the vehicle. In bends and on uneven roads as well as in braking and accelerating, rolling and pitching motions are practically completely suppressed.
Order No. 1270 Functional model: Wheel camber A wheel at an angle no longer moves on a straight line, but on a circular track. If the wheels are pushed forwards, the wheels make efforts to move apart at the front as a result of the rolling taper.	Thanks to a precisely coordinated selection of the track, the wheel moves straight ahead and the wheel flutter is prevented.
Order No. 1225 Porsche Weissach axle (928) This axle comes complete with: Axle bracket, double wishbone, axle shafts, internally-ventilated brake disks, four-piston disk brakes, springs and shock absorbers. The compression of the axle can be clearly demonstrated. On request the axle can be supplied with a cutaway Original Porsche five-speed transmission.
Order No. 1224 Daimler Benz multi-link suspension The construction of the axle with its 5 links is easily distinguished by the use of colour markings. The axle is complete with brake calipers, brake disks, axle shafts, springs and shock absorbers. The compression can be clearly demonstrated. The differential and one brake drum for the parking brake are cut away.

Order No. 1234 Twin-tube shock absorber The shock absorber is cut away to such an extent that the inside and outside of the tube with bottom valve and piston can clearly be seen. The piston and the bottom valve are also cut away, so that the valves can clearly be seen. The piston rods can easily be moved in and out.	Order No. 1235 Single-tube gas-pressure shock absorber The shock absorber is cut away to such an extent that the separating piston and the working piston can clearly be seen inside the tube. The working piston is also cut away, so that the valves can clearly be seen. The piston rod can easily be moved in and out.
Order No. 1213 Axle shaft model case including joints cutaway ball-and-socket joint with wide angle of movement. cutaway tripod joint with length compensation. Cardan shaft with 2 universal joints and cutaway sliding section which is easily moved. Universal joint with polygonal rubber joint. Hardy disk (disk-type flexible coupling).
Order No. 1262 Cutaway model: Ball and socket joint Design of a ball and socket joint (constant-velocity or homo kinetic joint) Function of the balls and the ball cage. The axle journal can be pivoted, but only be moved up and down minimally.	Order No. 1263 Cutaway model: Tropoid joint Design of a tropoid joint with tropoid star with pinions and idlers. Tropoid joints permit diffraction angles of up to 20 degrees and 30mm axial displacement. This can be demonstrated very clearly on the model.
Order No. 1011 Balancing model for wheels - the wheel axle, which hangs on two chains, is pulled down by springs - demonstration of a static unbalance: wheel hops. This can be adjusted by putting on a counterweight - demonstration of dynamic unbalance: Wheel flutters. This can be adjusted by changing weights to the correct side